OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - This category involves failures in enforcing policies that prevent users from exceeding their intended permissions. Such weaknesses often result in unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction of data, as well as the execution of business functions outside of user limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when systems, applications, or cloud services are configured incorrectly from a security standpoint, thereby introducing vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These are compromises or breakdowns in the software building, distribution, or update processes. They frequently stem from vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or dependencies relied upon by the system.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Ideally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). While past challenges like CPU performance and key management have been mitigated by modern processors supporting accelerated encryption (e.g., AES) and services like LetsEncrypt.org simplifying certificate handling, security must extend beyond the transport layer. It is crucial to identify which data requires encryption at rest and additional protection at the application layer (OSI layer 7) during transit. Sensitive data such as passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and trade secrets demand heightened protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or standards such as the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a flaw that enables attackers to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell scripts) into input fields. This tricks the system into executing these inputs as if they were legitimate internal commands, potentially leading to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - This broad category encompasses weaknesses described as missing or ineffective control designs. It is distinct from insecure implementation; while design flaws and implementation defects share a goal of security, they have different root causes, occur at different stages of development, and require different remediation strategies. A secure design can still suffer from implementation defects, but an insecure design cannot be fixed by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never established. A key factor contributing to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling, which hinders the determination of the required security level.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker successfully tricks a system into accepting an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures relate to code and infrastructure that fails to protect against untrusted or invalid data being treated as trusted. Examples include relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or CDNs. Insecure CI/CD pipelines lacking software integrity checks can introduce unauthorized access, malicious code, or system compromises. Another instance is a CI/CD pipeline that retrieves code or artifacts from unverified locations without validating signatures or similar mechanisms.

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without robust logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches go undetected, and the absence of alerting makes rapid, effective incident response nearly impossible. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting capabilities hinder the initiation of active responses.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This occurs when programs fail to prevent, detect, or respond to unusual and unpredictable situations, resulting in crashes, unexpected behavior, or vulnerabilities. It typically involves one or more of the following failings: the application fails to prevent the situation, does not identify it as it occurs, or responds inadequately or not at all afterwards.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and escaping inputs

Insecure Design
- We'll explore design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, like improper input validation
- We'll study strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, like multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early